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Any kind of hauls stipulate baggage (for passengers) or load (cargo carriage) allowances. It is needed for control of carrying capacity and load weight ratio.

In carriage of passengers free and paid baggage allowance is stipulated, not only its overall dimensions (size and weight) being taken into consideration, but also the length of the flight, its course and its class, of course. All over the world two systems of free baggage allowance determination are accepted. It is weight concept, which fixes weight limit, and piece concept, which checks in number of luggage units.
Weight system defines maximums of free baggage allowance for air transportation for different categories of passengers. There are some standards which are supported by airlines all over the world; some changes can only be made in a very slight degree.

This system for adults and children (not younger than two years old) provides the following limits:
1st class – 40 kg;
Business class – 30 kg;
Economy class – 20 kg;

Free baggage allowance means weight of passenger’s luggage and carry-on. If your airline changes these parameters, passenger is informed beforehand. You can find reminder in the ticket.

Overall dimensions (sum of lengths of three luggage sides) have limits too:
1st and business class – 203 cm;
Economy class – 158 cm.

It is necessary to notice, that you can take 10 kg with overall dimensions not more than 115 cm in cabin.

For a child of less than 2 years old, which has no seat, free baggage allowance is 10 kg.

Limitation on the amount of luggage places is commonly used on transatlantic flights. Passenger of any class can carry no more than 2 free items of luggage under 32 kilograms. The total weight of luggage is not summed up. If the weight of your 1st package is more then 32 kg, a special toll is imposed, even if your second package is lighter.

Permissible overall dimensions:
1st and business class – 203 cm;
The Economy class – 158 cm

You can transport outsized cargo only with the concurrence of airline. Conditions of transportation will be explained to you during ticket booking. Handling works during flight of every complexity and distance are carried out into practice at the expense of the airline.

You can also take accompanied baggage in cabin:
• dolly-bag;
• plastic package;
• bouquet of flowers;
• overcoat;
• muffler or blanket;
• umbrella or cane;
• small camera;
• binocular;
• laptop;
• one book for reading;
• baby buggy;
• small bag with products.

Such valuables as important documents, commercial papers, medicines, jewels, breakables airline service recommends to take with you as hand luggage. You have excess luggage if it surpasses the standard of free baggage allowance. It is always advisable to execute customs clearance beforehand. Transportation fee is determined according to current fare. Fee for hauling your excess luggage is noted in baggage coupon, which you will get just after paying.

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If you are going to a foreign country, the first difficulty, which you must tackle, is salutation. Do you know how many traps you can fall into?

In many countries such part of the body as head is emphasized. In the countries where the basic religion is Buddhism, and also in many countries of Southern Asia the head is considered to be a receptacle of a soul. Don’t try to pat children on the head in Thailand. If you hear “The head is sacred, do not touch it!” and do not have troubles with child’s parents, it means that you are well out of this situation.

In the Mediterranean region, relatives, friends and even total strangers usually swap kisses on the cheek. Polynesians in Maori (New Zealand) continue tradition of saluting each other with rubbing their noses. This greeting is called hongi.

In Spain, people shake hands more often, than kiss, that’s why it is important for you to know this, if you don’t want to make faux pas. If you go to Russia, we recommend you to follow only one rule: do not shake hands “across the threshold”, because this can entail serious conflict. Many are of the opinion that this can cause a disaster.

In the countries of Middle East and Southern Asia, and also in some parts of Africa, the left hand is assigned for hygienic sanitary procedures. That’s why tourist should not touch goods, products and people with his left hand. In India this veto is put upon all religious actions. Besides, Indians accept gifts only with their right hand. For Moslems eating with the right hand is a rule not only for reasons of cleanliness: in one of the surahs of the Koran it is said that “Satan eats and drinks with the left hand”.

If the tradition of hand shake, as the story goes, arose after situation, when partners wanted to assure each other, that one of them does not hide the weapon in his hand, custom of looking each other in the face during proposing a toast appeared thanks to poisoners. So, if deliberate criminal added some toxic substance in a drink, it is hardly probable, that he would look, how his victim drinks poisoned liquid. Some cultures get further. In many European countries man proves his sincerity, looking into the eyes of everyone, with whom he clinks glasses during drinking toasts. When you sit at a big table in the midst of your friends, this process can take long, but it is obligatory for all.

So, if you don’t want to overstrain your neck, setting your face to every drinking companion, try not to be enthusiastic in proposing long toasts. And remember, that in any risky situation heartfelt smile is your concealed weapon; you are a foreigner and cannot know everything.

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website.

If you are worldly-wise tourist, of course, you know that there are so many preposterous customs in different countries, and if you don’t like it, it’s open to you to lump it. So, as the saying puts it, forewarned is forearmed. We would be more than happy to help you, follow our advices and let’s begin!

Chinese easily allow themselves to cough up phlegm and pick their nose in public places, but transpacific – in South Korea – people keep vigilant watch on their phlegm in their noses and spittle. Even if you have an attack of sneezing at the table, it will transform you into barbarian in the eyes of Koreans. Foreigners can fall into a trap, whose palate can be unadapted for a ubiquitous piquant sauce “gochujang”. However, if you feel approaching of this “shameful” reaction during a dinner, make excuses, and then quickly make off to a bathroom. In Japan, using hanky in public places is also considered as the lack of culture.

For many Chinese and Koreans using chopsticks is simple manipulation “from a plate to a mouth”. Chopsticks are unappropriate, for example, for picking. But however the biggest false step foreigners can take, if stick chopsticks vertically, for example, in a bowl with rice. In this case it looks like incense sticks, which they light, when they want to honour deceaseds and doing like that you “will call death to a dining table”.

No less important is the question of saying “good-bye” to the new friends. In Arab countries and in South Asia thanking to the master of the house is equivalent to an insult. These customs, of course, run counter to western good breeding implant words “thanks” and “please” almost since the day of birth. But in these countries making preparations for visitors and possibility to show hospitality is a big pleasure for local residents and it is considered the privilege. That’s why they should thank you, if you visit them.

We appreciate your difficulty and should say that, there is no necessity to get rid of these words absolutely, simply be more reserved. If you said “thank you”, don’t apologize for what you’ve said, because you’ll make it worse. If you didn’t hear habitual “don’t mention it” and read dissatisfaction in master’s face, don’t stick at small difficulties, but keep detached air.

That tourists who visit Arab countries and countries of Middle East for the first time, are often surprised by close physical contact between members of the stronger sex. Arabians can walk arm in arm with each other. But this is just a sign of blood relationship and does not mean any sexual relations. So, if your Moroccan friend takes your arm on the way to afternoon tea, try to look nonchalant.

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Taking a journey we become faced with the necessity of resolving the problem of accommodation. Now we’ll try to give you some interesting information about one good variant. If you do not have much money, and at the same time do not want to live at the back of beyond, our advice will be suit you.

Shortly before global financial crisis a whole number of European business owners decided to offer hotels corresponding to tourist’s expectations in comfort at low rates. Now these small hotel companies actively extend the sphere of influence.

Owners of airlines became authors of two hotel marks, offering modern comfort at low rates: rooms in these hotels resemble cockpits in the plane or a train compartment in the area extent.

The first “budgetary” hotel with rooms from 6 to 14 sq. m. was opened in London in 2005 and received a name “Easy Hotel”. The hotel is in a walk-up, safety is guaranteed: only visitor employee of hotel can enter, using individually made electronic key. Every room is equipped with a comfortable bed and a bathroom. The hotel also has an advantage of location in one of the central, aristocratic regions of London, in Southern Kensington.

Today, six “easy Hotels” are functioning in London, two of which are located near stations Victoria and Paddington and two others are near Heathrow and Luton airport. Four hotels of this network appeared outside Great Britain: in Basel, Zurich, Budapest and Larnak. A room costs 20 euros per day, but additional services – using the Internet, TV viewing, change of bedclothes, room cleaning, leaving your luggage in the cloakroom – are payed separately. So, the tariff policy of the hotel can be characterized like: “the visitor pays only for what he uses”.

In the nearest future opening of such hotels in Berlin, Sofia, and Porto, and also in business region of Dubai is planned. It’s interesting that in 2009 the London architectural bureau ZMMA made new design of “easy Hotel” rooms. Opening 200 “easy Hotels” during 10 years is in plans of the network owner. Ten of them will be opened in Great Britain during next three years.

Business rival of the easy Hotel appeared practically at once. The owner of the “Yo!” restaurant network Simon Vudroff made his début in hotel industry with opening hotels in the airports. The first hotel, which he named “Yotel” was opened in London in July, 2007 and besides 32 comfortable suites of two categories – “standard” (7 sq.) and “premium” (10 sq.) were offered to visitors unusual for hotels, but convenient for transit passengers tariffs. So, minimum term of room reservation is four hours, if you need more, hourly pay is used. Day of habitation in a room of category “premium” will cost you nearly 80 pounds sterling.

The success of the new hotel network gives rise to ambitious plans of its founder: he wants to make “Yotel” a part of every large airport on all continents. And, of course, it will be very comfortable for unpretentious tourists.

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All over the world tourist services are in popular demand. According to prognosis of progress in tourist courses, made by World tourist organization (WTO) and presented in the research «Tourism: 2020 Vision», the most perspective directions of tourism in XXI will be: cruises, ecological (including adventure tourism) and thematic tourism. It is estimated that only ecotourism provides year-on-year increase (5 %) of gross receipts.

Adventure tourism started developing actively after the Second World War when peaceful use of products of war industry began. With the lapse of time this type of tourism got widely popular in many countries and became the whole industry with its players (travel agencies, manufacturers), self-regulatory bodies (all sorts of associations, funds etc. both on an international and national scale), mass media (popular magazines, television broadcasts, Internet portals), schools and institutes.

However, today world adventure tourism is a very small market niche. And it is an evenly growing segment. For the past five years, it became substantially bigger, especially in Europe and the USA. The largest tourist associations and funds attest to results of the researches spent by them.

According to Outdoor Industry Foundation 57 % of the population of the USA took part in some kinds of activity (including rock-climbing, mountain bicycle, rafting, camping etc.). Moreover, 45% of them want to try new types of activity, to broaden their notions about adventures. It is also interesting that among those who did not take part in adventure programs, 24% want to try to do this in the future. It means that 81 % of all population of the USA are a potential audience of adventure tours and programs of the active rest.

According to the survey of Travel Industry Association of America 98 million people made adventure tours during last five years. A quarter of those who did not take part in adventure programs, wants to do this during the following years.

Americans spent 245 trillion dollars for adventure tours in 2000 (120 trillion on travel and 125 trillion on equipment). In 2005, this statistics grew to 594,3 trillion dollars that means an incredible rising of popularity of adventure tourism in USA.

Adventure tourism is one of the main markets for British tourists, it brings near 2 million quids a year. The market of adventure tourism grows in Canada at a very quick rate, making annual growth of 20 %. A considerable part of foreign tourists (about 40 % from total number of the tourists visiting the country) come to India and New Zealand looking for extreme entertainments, providing permanent influxes of capital to these countries.

One of the impressive tendencies in the industry of adventure tourism in USA and Europe is increasing importance of female audience. Many adventure agencies stake on women on the shady side of forty. They leave their domestic chores, children and husbands, and go on travels.

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